31 results
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Hormones Acting ... Diuretics (e.g. mannitol ... ) 3) Loop Diuretics ... HCTZ) 5) Potassium-sparing ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... Diuretic Sites of Action ... Osmotic agents (mannitol ... urearetics) 3) Loop ... Diuretics #Sites #Action
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites of action ... diuretics (e.g. mannitol ... ) 3) Loop diuretic ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... medications #sites #action
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
, Mechanism of Action ... empagliflozin LOOP ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... DIURETICS • Mannitol
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
Mechanisms of Loop ... Diuretic Action ... Panel A, loop diuretics ... binding to sodium–potassium–chloride ... #Pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... , Intermediate Action ... 3 - Potassium Channel ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Distal (classic) ... Potassium-sparing
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #pathophysiology
Constipation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Diet/Lifestyle
 • Fibre
 • Calories
 • Fluid
 • Exercise
 • Psychosocial
Medications
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Medications • Neurally Active ... Aluminum, Calcium, Potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes