21 results
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia
Box A:
 • Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol, Glycine, Contrast media, Maltose
 • Pseudohyponatremia:
Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol ... Confusion Box C: Primary ... Polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #workup
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
load (Na, urea, mannitol ... urine (usually low ... kidney disease, Loop ... Increased intake (low ... /Inflammation: Urinary
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Mannitol ... (UOsm < 100): Primary ... polydipsia, Low ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Normal Acid-Base: Low ... secreting tumor, Primary ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Once pseudohypokalemia is ruled out, causes of hypokalemia can be
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... filling of bucket (low ... all the time (urinary ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #workup
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Medications - Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Pancytopenia - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Consumption Disorders
 1. Autoimmune Mediated Pancytopenia
 2. Splenic Sequestration
Peripheral Destruction
Pancytopenia - Workup ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Production - Flow ... Primary hematological ... #Pancytopenia #Workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... Remote use of loop ... - Normal/low ... #causes #urinary
Pancytopenia - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Consumption Disorders
 1. Autoimmune Mediated Pancytopenia
 2. Splenic Sequestration
Peripheral Destruction
Pancytopenia - Workup ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Production - Flow ... Primary hematological ... #Pancytopenia #Workup
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
Hyperthyroidism • Low ... TSH, Low normal ... Hyperthyroidism: Work-up ... T4 +/- T3 → Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #algorithm