63 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... hyperglycemia • mannitol ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic ... , Mannitol, Urologic ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypernatremia ... scheme) e.g., mannitol ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
empagliflozin LOOP ... DIURETICS • Mannitol ... Pharmacology #summary #table ... #nephrology
Diagnosis and Management of Hypernatremia

#Hypernatremia #Differential #Algorithm #Causes #Nephrology #Diagnosis

** GrepMed Recommended Text: Nephrology Secrets -
Management of Hypernatremia ... #Hypernatremia ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Causes #Nephrology ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... Osmotic diuretic, Loop ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Osmotic agents (mannitol ... urearetics) 3) Loop ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia
Box A:
 • Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol, Glycine, Contrast media, Maltose
 • Pseudohyponatremia:
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia ... Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia ... : Glucose, Mannitol ... Wilkinsonjonny #Hyponatremia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Diuretics (e.g. mannitol ... ) 3) Loop Diuretics ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Management Algorithm
Acute vs Chronic
Calculate Losses
 • Current water Deficit
 • Ongoing Free water Losses
 •
Hypernatremia Management ... Algorithm Acute ... Medicine @SCVMCMed #Hypernatremia ... #Management #Algorithm ... #treatment #nephrology