33 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... scheme) e.g., mannitol ... #Causes
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Mannitol ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... hyperglycemia • mannitol ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Causes of Generalized ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Increased renal sodium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
overdose) - Sodium ... Thiazides - Mannitol ... diagnosis #nephrology #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... treat underlying cause ... Stress, Nausea, ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Mellitus) • Mannitol ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium ... for hydrogen and sodium ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... hypokalemia); nausea ... #pharmacology #table