15 results
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
• Sub-Valvular Disease ... Acute Coronary Syndrome ... • Asthma • COPD ... - Other • Anemia ... • Metabolic Acidosis
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome ... Viral Infection Clinical ... • Symptoms of anemia ... • hemolytic anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Renal failure (uremia ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... restrictive lung disease ... (COPD, OSA, Asthma
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
serial dilution ... likely it will be clinically ... SLE), Sjogren's Syndrome ... Arthritis, Sjögren Syndrome ... , Interstitial Pulmonary
Cryofibrinogenemia Summary

Cryofibrinogenemia Epidemiology:
 • 40-70 years with a modest female predominance

Cryofibrinogenemia:
 • The precipitation of a
thrombophlebitis, pulmonary ... Diagnosis: • + Clinical ... Occlusion of small to medium-sized ... Antiphospholipid syndrome ... #hematology
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV)

Expiratory & Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure
Both increase intrathoracic pressure, which can decrease
neuromuscular disease ... exacerbation (cardiogenic pulmonary ... on chronic resp acidosis ... secretions, altered mental ... hair) • Risk Of Clinical
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
association • M > F Clinical ... matter, spinal cord ... Medium and large ... (Clinical Dx). ... signs #symptoms #rheumatology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
restrictive lung disease ... metabolic acidosis ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... COPD. ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
disease states ... patient’s complete medical ... output - Acute pulmonary ... - Compartment syndrome ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... shunt (Type 2) Clinical ... cirrhosis • Intra-pulmonary ... no established medical ... hepatopulmonary #syndrome