12 results
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia Correction ... Indications for ... 100-110 - Symptoms ... Demyelination Syndrome ... desmopressin MH/CCF
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... demyelination syndrome ... include vaptans (HF ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #sodium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
anemia) • G-CSF ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
IV glucose - Correction ... osmotic diuresis - Potassium ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential #medications ... #drugs #pharmacology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... , Chronic Renal ... Alcohol MH/CCF ... Differential #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Seizures • Altered mental ... Neurological symptoms ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... • Magnesium correction ... #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Medications 2. ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... Medications 2. ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... • Hyponatremia ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Pharmacology # ... Medications #Table