14 results
diagnosis differential causes algorithm metabolic hypokalemia potassium treatment diuretics framework hyperkalemia hyponatremia hypophosphatemia k low medications metabolicalkalosis nongap pathophysiology phosphate
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup Blood Work: - Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia - Metabolic Alkalosis - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Inappropriate renal ... Inappropriate renal ... kidney disease Renal ... #Workup #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Acute or chronic renal ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Urine Fractional Excretion ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... #phosphate #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... • Metabolic alkalosis ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... use), Gitelman's ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
after renal tubule ... diuretic effect ... generally indicates a renal ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... with thiazide diuretic ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... , Renal tubular ... #nephrology #management
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