9 results
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
ANCA-positive vasculitis ... polyangiitis, Microscopic ... ANCA-negative vasculitis ... IgA-associated vasculitis ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine sediment Microscopic ... pain + gross or microscopic ... hematuria • Signs ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... - Can cause microscopic
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
pulmonary and renal ... PR3-ANCA): • Microscopic ... gastrointestinal, and/or central ... purpura: strong sign ... Dx: GPA, EGPA, microscopic
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
CENTRAL VERTIGO ... Vascular disorders ... (Wallenberg's syndrome ... Syndrome usually ... varying neurologic signs
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
dipstick, urine microscopy ... clinical context and signs ... Glomerulonephritis / Vasculits ... syndrome: troponin ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Staphylococcus-associated GlomeruloNephritis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
CLINICAL
 • Nephritic syndrome (Casts)
 • Marked proteinuria (may be
• Nephritic syndrome ... • Often severe renal ... Leukocyturia • Vasculitic ... available • Renal ... GlomeruloNephritis #nephrology
Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Approach To Weakness:
 • Non-neuromuscular disorder (Cardiac, pulmonary etc)
 • CNS ->
lesions of the central ... Lack of UMN/LMN signs ... myositis • Genetic: Muscular ... myopathies, the muscular ... Differential #Diagnosis #neurology
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulmonary and renal ... purpura: Strong sign ... pulse deficits vascular ... Angiitis of the Central ... (PR3-ANCA)): Microscopic
Sweet Syndrome

Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweets Syndrome) is a skin condition characterized by fever and inflamed
Sweet Syndrome ... Episcleritis Signs ... Headaches - A general ... Leukocytoclastic vasculitis ... : - Biopsy - Microscopic