41 results
Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)  Type 1 

Totally scuppers the kidney's acidification mechanism. Will be
Acidosis (RTA) Type ... diagnosis with direct urine ... Failure to acidify urine ... Diagnosis #Management #Nephrology ... #Causes #Differential
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Causes of Non-Gap ... Metabolic Acidosis ... - Differential ... Loss (Negative urine ... MetabolicAcidosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential ... low/normal Type ... NonAnionGap #Acidosis #Metabolic ... #NAGMA #Differential ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... - Any type of renal ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... disorders or excreted medications ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
LiCl use The urine ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... Neurocysticercosis, PML • Metabolic ... #neurology
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low urine ... duct plaque, Low urine ... - Antiviral treatment ... Renal #stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... syndrome (11-ß HSD type ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... of Altered Urine ... Purple (Purple Urine ... Discoloration #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology