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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PRE-Renal AKI:
 • Hypovolemia
 • Congestion
 • Medications
 •
Acute Kidney Injury ... (AKI) - Differential ... Congestion • Medications ... Infection-mediated, Drug-induced ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Creatine Kinase - Causes of Elevated CK Levels
Acute CK Elevation (Pain > Weakness):
 • RHABDOMYOLYSIS
Creatine Kinase ... Elevated CK Levels Acute ... RHABDOMYOLYSIS - Drugs ... strep) - Seizures ... #Elevated #CK #differential
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Kidney Injury AKI ... - Differential ... nephropathy • Secondary ... Koratala @NephroP #AKI ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Causes of Secondary ... / Provoked Seizures ... - Differential ... • Alcohol/drug ... #Neurology #Differential
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... - Differential ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... , Recreational drugs ... Cerebral Hypoxia, Uremia
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Hypothyroidism • Medication-induced ... • Inflammatory/AI ... syndrome, myeloma, secondary ... Fabry's disease, Acute ... Peripheral #Neuropathy #differential
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... there a dialysis indication ... e.g AEIOU ) or anuria ... require urgent nephrology ... obstruction, Nephrotoxic drugs
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
Purpura - Differential ... Causes: - Drug ... - Hemolytic anemia ... - APLS • Acute ... #nonpalpable #dermatology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Neurological symptoms: Acute ... Reversible course Differential ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... /Drug toxicity, ... syndrome, ADEM, Acute
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
hyperaldosteronism, Secondary ... Conn's, Liddle's), Drugs ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... megaloblastic anemia ... #diagnosis #nephrology