11 results
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... , Recreational drugs ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... > 30): SIADH, Medications ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia with Severe Symptoms - Management Algorithm with Hypertonic Saline
The goal of acute management is to
Hyponatremia with ... Saline The goal of acute ... probably not the low ... Na causing the seizure ... Hypertonic #Saline #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypothyroidism, Stress, Drugs ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... deficiency • Drugs ... Hyperphosphatemia, Acute ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #nephrology #calcium
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Injury (TBI) - Acute ... withdrawal • Drug ... withdrawal • Medication ... Polypharmacy - Drug ... #Elderly #Neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Neurological symptoms: Acute ... Electrolyte abnormality, Medication ... /Drug toxicity, ... , ADEM, Acute toxic ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Causes of Status Epilepticus in Adults
METABOLIC DISTURBANCES
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hypocalcemia
Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Uremia
INFECTIOUS PROCESSES
Central nervous system abscess
Encephalitis
Meningitis
WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES
Alcohol
Antiepileptic drugs
Baclofen
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
CENTRAL
hyperglycemia Hyponatremia ... Meningitis WITHDRAWAL SYNDROMES ... Antiepileptic drugs ... SYSTEM LESIONS Acute ... #Epilepticus #Seizures
Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in children
Stabilization Phase (Seizure 0-5 minutes):
 • Check and maintain ABC
• Give high flow ... Antiepileptic Drug ... Alternative medications ... #Management #neurology ... pediatrics #peds #algorithm
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
anti-Smith Ab, low ... Classification: • Acute ... , lymphopenia, low ... extremities Drug ... activation and/or medications