9 results
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
exercise or with diuretic ... and concentrated urine ... broad - Advanced kidney ... disease Red blood ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome ... and nephrotic syndrome ... Prevention of blood ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology ... #Medications #Table
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
effective arterial blood ... ↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... • Normal/low blood ... use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hematuria in Post-Renal Transplant Patient
Prevalence up to 12% in the postrenal transplant patient
 • Bacterial: Escherichia
carcinoma (native kidney ... Prostate cancer • Medications ... (Goodpasture's syndrome ... #blood #urine # ... management #treatment #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
UA positive for blood ... Cast formation: ... nephrotoxicity to kidney ... Loop diuretics for ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... (no casts, protein ... , or blood) ... essential in all cases ... #Hepatology #Nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Diagnosis and Workup Blood ... Elevated Renin Urine ... Normotensive - No diuretic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology