8 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... cells - Normal • Renal ... White cell casts - Renal ... - Any type of renal ... More significant renal
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... urinary sediment, renal ... clinical context and signs ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... Injury (AKI) ... protein/Cr - Renal ... - 45% - Pre-renal ... mostly ATN and pre-renal
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Immune mediated injury ... hematuria • Signs ... thrombosis • Renal ... causes #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... paraproteinemia, acute ... leukemia Measure Urine ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
≥100): SIADH, Renal ... diuresis can be high ... Present (Uosm <100): Renal ... Hypervolemia with poor renal ... #diagnosis #table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
HYPOTENSION → renal ... vasoconstriction → decreased renal ... perfusion → renal ... Cast formation: Renal ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
kidney injury). ... eg, presence of renal ... bruit or signs ... • Vascular: Renal ... Renal parenchymal