122 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology
Algorithm for Differentiating Gitelman syndrome from Bartter syndrome
 • Urine Chloride
 • Urine Ca/Cr ratio

Dr. Krithika
from Bartter syndrome ... • Urine Chloride ... • Urine Ca/Cr ... #Gitelman #syndrome ... Bartter #Algorithm #nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndromes ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
Sub-Cortical (Corona radiata ... Consciousness • Cranial ... Findings: ipsilateral facial ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... #Hemiplegia #Neurology
Causes Abnormal Urine Color - Differential Diagnosis
Turbid White Urine (Albinuria):
 • Chyluria, Filariasis, Schistosomiasis, Malignancy, Phosphaturia,
• Drummond's syndrome ... (blue diaper syndrome ... Bag Syndrome - ... Myoglobinuria, Nutcracker syndrome ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... Abdominal compartment syndrome ... blood culture, urine ... • Cardio-renal syndrome
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome
What?
 • Unilateral orbital/retrobulbar pain
 • Paresis of the cranial nerves Ill, IV, VI
 •
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome ... Paresis of the cranial ... or orbit (MRI) Treatment ... #Tolosa #Hunt #Syndrome ... #TolosaHunt #neurology
Hepatorenal Syndrome Diagnosis
 • ↑ in serum Cr of ≥ 0.3mg/dL above baseline
Hepatorenal Syndrome ... severe and/or more gradual ... proteinuria) • ↓ urine ... 2 HRS) • Low urine ... diagnosis #HRS #nephrology
CN III Palsy - Oculomotor Nerve
 • Ptosis: Loss of innervation of the levator palpebrae superior.
comparison to Horner's syndrome ... inferior rectus, medial ... Oculomotor #Nerve #Cranial ... #neurology #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... , Liddle syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology