7304 results
Lactulose: Mechanism of Action in Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose → ↑ Lactic Acid, Acetic Acid → ↓ pH
Acid → ↓ pH → ↓ NH3 ... absorption), ↑ NH4
Selected Clinical Trials of SGLT2 inhibitors in CVD and CKD
EMPA-REG OUTCOME - Empagliflozin lowered CV events
Selected Clinical ... for SGLT2i in HF ... for SGLT2i in HF ... lowered CV death or HHF ... improved HF outcomes
Stages in the development of HF and recommended therapy by stage. ACEI indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor;
development of HF ... medical therapy; HF ... #CHF #Congestive
Iron Deficiency in Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Iron deficiency (ID) in heart failure is a common comorbidity
Heart Failure (CHF ... leading to: ↑ HF ... advanced stages of HF ... Heart #Failure #CHF
Medications Used in Congestive Heart Failure

In CHF, the heart is failing as a pump; cardiac output
Heart Failure In CHF ... CHF also causes ... therapy in chronic CHF ... #Pharmacology #CHF
Urine Anion Gap in NAGMA
NA + K - Cl = surrogate for Urine NH4+
NH4+ is excreted
surrogate for Urine NH4 ... + NH4+ is excreted ... POSITIVE when urinary NH4
The Failing Heart - Physiology - Congestive Heart Failure

#Congestive #HeartFailure #CHF #Pathophysiology #Cardiology
#HeartFailure #CHF
Pathogenesis of Edema in Heart Failure (Cardiac Edema)

#Edema #CHF #HeartFailure #Pathophysiology
Edema) #Edema #CHF
Abdominojugular (Hepatojugular) Reflux

Described by Pasteur in 1885 as a physical sign of TR. Still useful for
for diagnosis of CHF ... #PhysicalExam #Clinical
Symptoms and Signs of Heart Failure

#heartfailure #chf #congestive #signs #symptoms #diagnosis
#heartfailure #chf