15 results
Loss of Consciousness in Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Syncopal causes:
• Orthostatic syncope
• Reflex syncope
• Cardiac arrhythmia
•
- Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Syncopal causes ... • Reflex syncope ... Nonsyncopal causes
Syncope is a sudden, transient loss of consciousness, which is thought to be secondary to cerebral
frequently benign causes ... such as reflex ... (ruling out differential ... life-threatening causes ... In many cases, syncope
Syncope - Cerebral hypoperfusion leading to transient lsos of consciousness causing alck of postural tone with
Diagnosis: Syncope ... Orthostatic (4-24%) • Reflex ... cause (8-20%) ... • Unclear cause ... #differential #
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Shock - Differential ... Diagnosis by Classification ... Reflex Syncope ... bradycardia • Sinus pauses ... #Table #Causes
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Reflex Syncope:
• Vasovagal: Prolonged standing, Stress, Pain
• Situational: Coughing, Sneezing, Micturition, Defecation,
Syncope - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Reflex Syncope: ... bradycardia, Sinus pauses ... #Differential #
Kussmaul's sign in Constrictive Pericarditis 

A 50-year-old woman with a remote history of mediastinal lymphoma (age
on her chest (photo ... the underlying diagnosis ... Causes = RV failure ... pericarditis (this case ... Kussmauls #Sign #PhysicalExam
Causes of Syncope

NEUROLOGICAL
 - CVA/Stroke
 - Cancer
 - Carotid Stenosis
 - Parkinson’s Disease
 - Psychosis
 -
Causes of Syncope ... Bezold-Jarisch Reflex ... Urination #Syncope ... #Causes #Differential ... #Diagnosis
Quincke's Pulse in a patient with a normal echocardiogram (non-valvular)

A 70 y/o man presents with new
is identified (video ... Workup for cause ... highest on my differential ... AorticRegurgitation #Diagnosis ... #PhysicalExam #
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
Palpitations - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Esophageal spasm • Reflux ... consciousness • Near-syncope ... , or syncope: Hemodynamically
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect

This maneuver of intermittent light stimulus is called the alternating light test or
the pupillary reflex ... very sensitive diagnostic ... regarding the cause ... Neurology #Clinical #Video ... Pupils #MacrusGunn #PhysicalExam