281 results
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
Clinical:
 • Sudden, painless, monocular loss of vision 
 • "Blood and
Occlusion (CRVO) Clinical ... Blood and thunder" fundoscoplc ... Occlusion #CRVO #Diagnosis ... #Clinical #Fundoscopy ... #Ophthalmology
Papilledema vs Normal Optic Disc

Blurred vs sharp optic disc margins

#Papilledema #OpticDisc #Normal #Comparison #Fundoscopy #Ophthalmology #Clinical
Normal #Comparison #Fundoscopy ... #Ophthalmology ... #Clinical #Diagnosis
Nephrotic Syndrome - Primary vs Secodary - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

#Nephrotic #Syndrome #Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm #Primary #Secondary
Nephrotic Syndrome ... - Differential Diagnosis ... #Nephrotic #Syndrome ... Primary #Secondary #Nephrology ... #Causes
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Usual cause is glaucoma ... Glaucoma causes ... OpticDisc #Cupping #fundoscopy ... #ophthalmology ... #Clinical
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... hematuria (RBC casts ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... CottonWool #Spots #fundoscopy ... #ophthalmology ... #Clinical
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)
Clinical:
 • Sudden, painless, complete loss of vision 
 • Pale retina
Occlusion (CRAO) Clinical ... • Immediate ophthalmology ... Occlusion #CRAO #Diagnosis ... #Clinical #Fundoscopy ... #Ophthalmology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... retinopathy) #Clinical ... #Ophthalmology ... #Fundoscopy #Central