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Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... Symptoms: • Abdominal ... , and death DKA ... > 18 mEq/L 2) pH ... 200 mg/dL #DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Symptoms:
• Abdominal pain
• Nausea
• Polyuria
• Polydipsia
• Vomiting
• Weight loss
•
Ketoacidosis (DKA ... Symptoms: • Abdominal ... , and death DKA ... > 18 mEq/L 2) pH ... 200 mg/dL #DKA
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA ... Arterial pH <7.3 ... 10% to 30% of DKA ... nausea, vomiting, abdominal ... #DKA #EDKA #Insulin
Hyperglycemic Crisis - Algorithm for DKA/HHS

Diagnostic criteria for DKA:
 • pH < 7.3
 • Anion gap
Algorithm for DKA ... Diagnostic criteria for DKA ... : • pH < 7.3 ... criteria for HHS: • pH ... MatthewHoMD #DKA
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Euglycemic DKA

Risk factors for euglycemic DKA in those on an SGLT2i include:
 •
and Euglycemic DKA ... for euglycemic DKA ... include: • Serum pH ... SGLT2 #Euglycemic #DKA ... #EDKA #Toxicity
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
ketoacidosis (DKA ... gap acidosis (pH ... • Euglycemic DKA ... • DKA/HHS Overlap ... features of both DKA
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
symptoms of HHS/DKA ... , hypotension) DKA ... , N/V, diffuse abdominal ... #EM #IM #Endo #DKA
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
-> Release of DNA ... Nephropathy (low urine pH ... nephropathy (high urine pH
Celiac Artery Trunk and Branches on Abdominal POCUS

#Celiac #Artery #Trunk #Abdominal #POCUS #Anatomy #Normal #clinical #ultrasound
and Branches on Abdominal ... POCUS #Celiac ... Artery #Trunk #Abdominal ... #POCUS #Anatomy
Rigler Sign on Abdominal X-Ray aka Double Wall Sign
Bowel walls are clearly visible because of gas
Rigler Sign on Abdominal ... X-Ray aka Double ... #Rigler #Sign #Abdominal