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The cardiac cycle and the ECG, all together explained

#Pathophysiology #Cardiology #CardiacCycle #Stages #Systole #Diastole #HeardSounds #Pressures
cycle and the ECG ... , all together explained ... #Pathophysiology
The 4 Variants of Sinus Arrhythmia
Phasic Sinus Arrhythmia:
 • The rate increases with respiration and decreases
As the heart ... • As the heart ... Wandering Atrial Pacemaker ... several cycle the pacemaker ... #ecg #electrocardiogram
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action
 1) Acetazolamide
 2) Osmotic
Osmotic Diuretics (e.g ... Loop Diuretics (e.g ... 4) Thiazides (e.g ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... ) Loop agents (eg ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... Sites #Action #nephrology
Anaphylaxis: Pathogenesis
Anaphylaxis is a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
While the primary mechanism of anaphylaxis is mast cell
eosinophils may also ... Lipid mediators (e.g ... Other mediators (e.g ... inflammatory cells • ANS ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology
Bradycardia
1) First Steps: IV, O2, Monitors, ECG, Pads on patient, Crash Cart in room. Is patient
O2, Monitors, ECG ... Shock, SBP <90, AMS ... Chest Pain • ECG ... Connect ECG Leads ... Set pacemaker to
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
polyneuropathy (e.g ... injury, Early ALS ... Eclampsia, Late ALS ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Pisa Syndrome (pleurothotonus) on Physical Exam
A tonic flexion of the trunk of the body to one
by: - drugs (e.g ... neurodegenerative disorders (eg ... Pathophysiology: ... PhysicalExam #clinical #neurology
Principal patterns of loss of sensation.
 (a) Thalamic lesion: sensory loss throughout opposite side (rare).
lesion: loss of all ... column lesion, e.g ... root lesions, e.g ... #Diagnosis #Neurology ... Review in Clinical Neurology
Bell's Palsy
Bell’s Palsy is a damage, acute weakness, or paralysis of the Facial nerve (7th CN),
infections such as ... #Bells #Palsy #neurology ... #anatomy #pathophysiology