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nephrology diagnosis differential algorithm chloride metabolic nephron pharmacology renal crisis diuresis excretion hepatology hepatorenal hormones hrs hypertension hypochloremia indications locations
Hormones Acting on the Nephron - Diuretics and Their Site of Action 1) Acetazolamide 2) Osmotic
Hormones Acting ... and Their Site ... spironolactone) #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Nephron ... #SiteOfAction #Kidney
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action Diuretics 1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin 2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics) 3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide) 4)
- Diuretic Sites ... of Action Diuretics ... ) Loop agents (eg ... #Diuretics #Sites ... #Action #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
• Kidney loss ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... diuretic use, Bartter ... the indicated causes ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... stones caused by ... the Nonspecific Cation ... Postoperative abdominal distention ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... thiazide-sensitive site ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
- Metabolic alkalosis ... RENAL LOSS: - Diuresis ... unloading • Kidney ... metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Approach (when evaluation should be done): 1. Severe or
, including a diuretic ... heart failure, neurologic ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Neurologic disorders
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS) Definition: • Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment. • Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
• Caused by splanchnic ... No structural kidney ... Pathophysiology: ... liver insult (e.g ... Syndrome #Hepatology #Nephrology
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC) Clinical Presentation of Scleroderma Renal Crisis: 1) Acute kidney injury 2) Abrupt onset of hypertension 3)
Crisis: 1) Acute kidney ... anemia (MAHA) Pathophysiology ... Initiate ACEi (short-acting ... • Refractory cases ... #rheumatology #nephrology
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