3967 results
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Decreased intake (rare cause ... Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis ... hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
• Periodic paralysis ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... #Hypokalemia #Causes ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
arrhythmias and paralysis ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia Periodic paralysis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia Periodic paralysis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Bell's palsy
There are many different causes of Facial Nerve Palsy. However, the commonest
cause of unilateral facial
many different causes ... the commonest cause ... unilateral facial paralysis ... #Bells #Palsy #Neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Familial periodic paralysis ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
REBEL Review 4 & 5: Paralytic & Vasopressor Dosing 

Paralytic Agents:
 - Succinylcholine (Depolarizing Agent)
Review 4 & 5: Paralytic ... Vasopressor Dosing Paralytic ... #vasopressors #paralytics
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... hyperK periodic paralysis ... only if no clear cause ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology