26 results
Potassium Electrolyte Repletion
If patient also has hypomagnesemia, replete magnesium before repleting potassium
Oral:
 • Pills (ask pharmacy
Potassium Electrolyte ... before repleting potassium ... Oral: • Pills (ask ... Intravenous (can cause ... SatyaPatelMD #Potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
arrhythmias and paralysis ... treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... #differential #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... Classification #Causes
Causes of Orthopnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Fear and Anxiety
 • Pleural Effusion
 • Ascites
Causes of Orthopnea ... Diaphragmatic paralysis ... CNS lesion: ALS, MS ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... Hyperkalemia Periodic paralysis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... Weakness (flaccid paralysis ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK
Leg Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Bone/Joint Causes of Leg Pain:
 • Fracture
 • Arthritis
 • Gout/pseudogout
Bone/Joint Causes ... Hematoma Venous Causes ... Edema Arterial Causes ... Pallor-bruising 3) Paralysis ... lower #extremity #msk
Left Wrist Drop - Radial Nerve Palsy on Physical Examination

Left hand drop due to compression of
sleeping as in this case ... also called sleep paralysis ... #orthopedics #msk
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... Hyperkalemia Periodic paralysis ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high
Causes of Hyperkalemia
Pseudohyperkalemia
 - Tourniquet use
 - Hemolysis (in vitro)
 - Leukocytosis
 - Thrombocytosis
Intra- to extracellular
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis ... Potassium load ... - Potassium-rich ... #Hyperkalemia #Causes