431 results
Hypomagnesemia (Serum level < 1.7 mg/dL)
Neuromuscular manifestations 
 • Tremor, tetany, seizures 
 • Weakness
dysrhythmias Hypokalemia ... Abnormalities of calcium ... metabolism • Hypocalcemia ... Hypoparathyroidism • Parathyroid
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone ... PTH) Effect in Calcium ... and Phosphorus Calcium ... - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... mendesthiagob #Parathyroid
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... disorders causing hypocalcemia ... Hypoparathyroidism - Calcium-sensing ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... kidney disease #Hypocalcemia
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... low circulating calcium ... Family history of hypocalcemia ... Genetic defects in calcium-sensing ... hyperparathyroidism #Hypocalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid gland ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... hypocalciuric hypercalcemia ... Milk-alkali syndrome #Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia is an electrolyte imbalance and is indicated by a low level of calcium in the
Hypocalcemia is ... a low level of calcium ... Calcium is important ... Normal blood calcium ... the actions of parathyroid
Diagnostic algorithm for the workup of hypercalcemia. The diagnostic workup for patients presenting with hypercalcemia rests
the workup of hypercalcemia ... measurement of parathyroid ... Urine calcium-creatinine ... .44 Of note, at calcium-creatinine ... Abbreviations: CaSR, calcium-sensing
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
Hypercalcemia of ... PTH-mediated • Parathyroid ... and intestinal calcium ... Mediated - Stimulate calcium ... @kdjhaveri #Hypercalcemia
CHIMPANZEES Mnemonic for Causes of Hypercalcemia

C - Calcium supplementation
H - Hyperparathyroidism
I - Immobilization, Iatrogenic 
M -
for Causes of Hypercalcemia ... C - Calcium ... syndrome P - Parathyroid ... Mnemonic #Acronym #Hypercalcemia ... #Calcium #Differential
Calcium Metabolism and management 

Satyendra Dhar MD, @DharSaty

#calcium #metabolism #hypocalcemia #hypercalcemia #albumin
Calcium Metabolism ... @DharSaty #calcium ... #metabolism #hypocalcemia ... #hypercalcemia