49 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... cleft, cushion defects ... Prosthetic valve: Paravalvular ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Mineralization Defect ... Fractures #Pathologic #MSK ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Marcus Gunn Pupil - Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD)
Definition: Afferent loop of the pupillary light reflex
Afferent Pupillary Defect ... Optic nerve* (main cause ... neuritis due to MS ... Afferent #Pupillary #Defect
Humeral Avulsion of the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament (HAGL)
 • Imaging Findings:
 • Large defect of the
Findings: • Large defect ... extravasating through the defect ... Case description ... HAGL) can be a cause ... Radiology #diagnosis #msk
Gerbode Defect (LV → RA Shunt) on Echocardiogram

After MVR, on second post op day surgeon heard
Gerbode Defect ( ... asked to rule out paravalvular ... DrRajeshG1 #Gerbode #Defect ... Echocardiogram #POCUS
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Causes of Lactate ... by cells as a direct ... / hypoxemia -> focus ... B3: Hereditary Defects ... myopathies - Defects
Full thickness Supraspinatus defect in a patient in their 30's, trauma related. Full case to follow
Supraspinatus defect ... Full case to follow ... Ultrasound Site - MSK ... Supraspinatus #defect ... #pocus
Neuro-OphthaImoIogy - Visual Field Defects - Localization Map
 - Optic Nerve Lesion (Monocular vision loss)
 -
- Visual Field Defects ... Infection • MS ... Diagnosis #Anatomy #Causes
Focal Periphyseal Edema (FOPE lesion) - MSK Radiology
Imaging Findings:
 • Arrows identifying the characteristic edema-like signal
FOPE lesion) - MSK ... Case description ... may negatively affect ... normal in these cases ... Radiology #diagnosis #msk
Mental Status Exam (MSE)
Note: The MSE is a "snapshot" of a patient at a specific time.
You
Mental Status Exam (MSE ... ) Note: The MSE ... different than affect ... worried, happy • Affect ... , the symptoms caused