62 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
, Pathophysiology ... Cardiomyopathy HFrEF ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... CHF
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #HFrEF #heartfailure ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy. HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HIV, human
HF, heart failure ... ; HFrEF, heart failure ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... • Alveoli: - CHF ... Pneumothorax Other Causes ... #Cardiology
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Acute and Chronic Causes ... Diagnosis Pulmonary/Chest ... decompensated CHF ... Pericarditis, CAD, HFrEF ... Acute #Chronic #Causes
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Ejection Fraction (HFrEF ... *Chronic HFrEF may ... Chest x-ray: signs ... → no signs of CXR ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
 • Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
 • Weight loss,
lung disease or CHF ... lymadenopathy, clubbing, chest ... ) • Abnormal CXR ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Stage I - Redistribution
In a normal chest film with the patient standing erect, the pulmonary vessels
non-perfused vessels and causes ... practice many chest ... during a period of CHF ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Cephalization
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... #HeartFailure #CHF ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
TOPCAT - Spironolactone for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1383-1392 https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1313731

CONCLUSIONS:
cardiovascular causes ... Spironolactone #HFpEF ... #dCHF #Cardiology