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The fourth pattern includes abnormalities that result in decreased lung attenuation or air-filled lesions.
These include:
- Emphysema
-
Honeycombing Most diseases ... on the basis of HRCT ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... #Diagram #Comparison
Upper lung zone preference is seen in:
- Inhaled particles: pneumoconiosis (silica or coal)
- Smoking related diseases
Smoking related diseases ... (centrilobular emphysema ... edema #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #HRCT ... #ChestCT #Differential
Low Attenuation pattern 
1. Lymphangiomyomatosis (LAM): uniform cysts in woman of child-bearing age; no history of
Centrilobular emphysema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #HRCT #CTChest ... Cystic #Pattern #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Low Attenuation pattern (2) 
1. Centrilobular emphysema: low attenuation areas without walls. Notice the centrilobular artery
Centrilobular emphysema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #HRCT #CTChest ... Cystic #Pattern #Comparison ... #Table #RadiologyAssistant
Differential diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Nodular LCH:
- Sarcoidosis: perilymphatic distribution.
- Metastases: random distribution.
Cystic LCH:
- LAM: round
Centrilobular emphysema ... Clinical #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CTChest #Cystic ... #Comparison #Table ... #RadiologyAssistant
Perilymphatic distribution
Perilymphatic nodules are most commonly seen in sarcoidosis.
They also occur in silicosis, coal-worker's pneumoconiosis and
#Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #HRCT ... #CTChest #Perilymphatic ... #Nodular #Differential ... #RadiologyAssistant
Differential diagnosis on HRCT
Most of our knowledge about imaging findings in interstitial lung disease comes from
Differential diagnosis ... interstitial lung disease ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CXR ... #RadiologyAssistant
Ground-glass opacity
Ground-glass opacity (GGO) represents:
- Filling of the alveolar spaces with pus, edema, hemorrhage, inflammation or
resolution of the HRCT ... bronchiolitis #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... #GroundGlass #Differential ... #RadiologyAssistant
Cavities frequently arise within a mass or an area of consolidation as a result of necrosis.
We
without associated pulmonary ... emphysema. ... Clinical #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CTChest #Cavity ... #Comparison #RadiologyAssistant
Consolidation is synonymous with airspace disease.
When you think of the causes of consolidation, think of 'what
with airspace disease ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #Pulmonary #CTChest ... Consolidation #Differential ... #RadiologyAssistant