18 results
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA ... with short bowel syndrome ... Aspirin - salicylate toxicity ... #Acidosis #HAGMA ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
Salicylate Toxicity ... show anion-gap metabolic ... High Lactate, Low Potassium ... #Toxicology #diagnosis ... #management #Treatment
Metformin Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA) 

Pathophysiology of MALA
 - Metformin interferes with the activity of the
Associated Lactic Acidosis ... (MALA) Pathophysiology ... acidosis including ... LacticAcidosis #Toxicity ... #Toxicology #Diagnosis
Toluene Poisoning - Diagnosis and Management Summary
What is it?  Volatile hydrocarbon, Glue or paint-sniffing, Occupational
lipid-soluble, Toxicity ... Early raised AG acidosis ... normal anion gap acidosis ... environment • Potassium ... Toluene #Poisoning #Toxicology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... acidosis due to ... of sodium and potassium ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... acidosis: Proximal ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Propofol-Related Infusion Syndrome (PRIS)

Diagnosis is based on a constellation of clinical suspicion and biochemical signs including:
Propofol-Related Infusion Syndrome ... Hyperlactatemia • Metabolic ... acidosis • Rhabdomyolysis ... #Pharmacology #Toxicity ... #Toxicology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... other • Severe potassium ... after fasting #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Anticoagulation Toxicity ... think citrate toxicity ... Acidosis: - Citrate ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #toxicology #nephrology