28 results
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... of carbohydrate metabolism ... state and fat metabolism ... #DKA #Diabetes ... #Endocrinology
Hyperaldosteronism Testing Algorithm
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING:
Suspicion of primary aldosteronism - Manifestations: hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
ORDER: Aldosterone/Renin Activity
Hyperaldosteronism Testing Algorithm ... hypertension, hypokalemia ... , metabolic alkalosis ... Hyperaldosteronism #Algorithm ... #endocrinology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
bodies are a normal metabolic ... fatty acid (FA) metabolism ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... To prevent hypokalemia ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... Pressure: - Metabolic ... Hippurate - Metabolic ... RTA, Distal RTA, DKA ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Low intake • Metabolic ... Renal Losses: • Metabolic ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Causes of HyperKalemia ... lysis syndrome • Metabolic ... Succinylcholine • Diabetes ... blockers - MCW Nephrology ... MCW_Nephrology #HyperKalemia
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm

Anion gap - MUDPILES: 
 - Methanol (formic
Metabolic and Respiratory ... - Uremia - Diabetic ... #Respiratory #Metabolic ... #Algorithm #MUDPILES ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
Classification of Diabetes ... Obstructive uropathy, Metabolic ... causes (e.g., hypokalemia ... , hypercalcemia) ... Classification #Types #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Differential #Algorithm ... Causes #Workup #Nephrology