15 results
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... of carbohydrate metabolism ... state and fat metabolism ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis with Elevated Anion Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated Anion Gap > 12
Causes of Metabolic ... errors Ketosis • Diabetic ... MetabolicAcidosis #AnionGap ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... exchange resins #aniongap ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Euglycemic Diabetic ... Definition of EuDKA • Metabolic ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... #Euglycemic #Diabetic ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Complications of CKD
 - Patients with stages 1-3 ([GFR] >30 mL/min) of CKD are generally asymptomatic;
imbalances or endocrine/metabolic ... derangements are not clinically ... disturbances manifest clinically ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #CKD
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... fibers Spectrum of Clinical ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #endocrinology
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and sensitivity to cold. A physical examination
anorexia nervosa, diabetes ... Reflexes #Delayed #Clinical ... #Video #Neurology ... #Endocrinology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic ... T1 High Signal: Diabetic ... Patterns #Toxicology #Metabolic ... Brain #Disorders #Clinical ... Diagnosis #Radiology #Neurology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Hyperprolactinemia • Diabetes ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology