33 results
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and sensitivity to cold. A physical examination
Woltman’s sign on ... deep-tendon reflex, is a neurologic ... relaxation can also ... Clinical #Video #Neurology ... #Endocrinology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology ... delivery to distal nephron ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Gitelman #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Graves’ Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
B & T lymphocyte mediated autoimmunity attack TSH receptor -> Continuous
T lymphocytes also ... the etiology Signs ... GravesDisease #pathophysiology ... #endocin #endocrinology ... #symptoms #signs
Hypothyroid Myopathy
Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism
Pathophysiology:
 • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... thickness) - metabolic ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
pituitary can also ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Excessive vomiting - Metabolic ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... Hypotension • AMS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
soon as serum < ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Aphasia - Pathophysiology and Clinical Findings
Broca's Aphasia - Expressive language impairment: non-Fluent
 - Sensory speech areas
Aphasia - Pathophysiology ... motor areas is also ... nearby areas is also ... #diagnosis #signs ... Brocas #Wernickes #neurology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
occur in utero as ... • This is also ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology