21 results
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... relative insulin deficiency ... of carbohydrate metabolism ... state and fat metabolism ... #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
differentiate between disorders ... pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Vitamin ... D deficiency ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin ... Hemolysis, Iron metabolism ... disorders Dr. ... #differential #diagnosis
Acquired Disorders of Reduced Bone Strength: Pathogenesis
 • Hyperparathyroidism
 • Vitamin D deficiency
 • Malabsorption syndromes
Hyperparathyroidism • Vitamin ... D deficiency ... syndromes • Chronic metabolic ... • Smoking • Diabetes ... #differential #diagnosis
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
Ketosis Disorders ... bodies are a normal metabolic ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #management #endocrinology
Amenorrhea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated FSH
 • Premature Ovarian Failure
 • Menopa use
 • Spontaneous
Bleed With
- Differential Diagnosis ... Hyperthyroidism • Diabetes ... Congenital GnRH Deficiency ... Weight Loss, Eating Disorders ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
C Deficiency) - ... Diagnosis and Management ... C deficiency can ... #Pathophysiology ... #Nutrition #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
hypercalcemia Vitamin ... D metabolic disorders ... • Excessive vitamin ... Hypercalcemia #Causes #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic ... Encephalopathy, Cobalamin Deficiency ... T1 High Signal: Diabetic ... Patterns #Toxicology #Metabolic ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
from hormonal and metabolic ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... D deficiency ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology