16 results
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... relative insulin deficiency ... of carbohydrate metabolism ... state and fat metabolism ... #Endocrinology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
from hormonal and metabolic ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Pathophysiology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
- Differential Diagnosis ... • IGF-I Deficiency ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... CHF) • Inborn Metabolism ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
bodies are a normal metabolic ... fatty acid (FA) metabolism ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #management #endocrinology
Scurvy (Vitamin C Deficiency) - Diagnosis and Management

Vitamin C is required for hydroxylation of proline residues
C Deficiency) - ... Diagnosis and Management ... C deficiency can ... vasculitis Treatment ... #Pathophysiology
Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis (EuDKA)
SGLT2 Inhibitors
Increasing Indications
Significant Adverse Drug Effects
Definition of EuDKA
 • Metabolic acidosis with pH
Euglycemic Diabetic ... Definition of EuDKA • Metabolic ... level < 200 mg/dL Pathophysiology ... Ketoacidosis #EuDKA #diagnosis ... #management #endocrinology
Acquired Disorders of Reduced Bone Strength: Pathogenesis
 • Hyperparathyroidism
 • Vitamin D deficiency
 • Malabsorption syndromes
Hyperparathyroidism • Vitamin ... D deficiency ... syndromes • Chronic metabolic ... • Smoking • Diabetes ... #differential #diagnosis
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... • Vitamin C deficiency ... Pernicious anemia/B12 deficiency ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Nephrolithiasis • Metabolic
Chronic Pancreatitis

Definition: A pathologic fibroinflammatory syndrome of the pancreas in individuals with genetic, environmental, and/or other
: • T (Toxic-Metabolic ... Obstructive) Diagnosis ... • Fat-soluble vitamin ... deficiency -> malnutrition ... gastroenterology #treatment
5-Oxoprolinuria
What is it:
 • Aka pyroglutamic acidosis, Intermediate in γ-glutamyl cycle
 • Amino acid transport and
Inborn errors of metabolism ... pregnancy (glycine deficiency ... impairment • Type 2 diabetes ... Oxoprolinuria #diagnosis ... #management #treatment