13 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Hyperosmolar Syndrome ... #comparison #endocrinology ... #diabetes #diabetic
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... state and fat metabolism ... #Diabetic #Ketoacidosis ... #DKA #Diabetes ... #Endocrinology
Ketosis Disorders
Ketone bodies are a normal metabolic energy source. Excessive unregulated production of ketones, often accompanied
bodies are a normal metabolic ... of re-feeding syndrome ... • Diabetic ketoacidosis ... (DKA) - caused ... diagnosis #management #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Due to neuronal metabolism ... #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes
Diffuse Acute Abdominal Pain (<72 hours) - Differential Diagnostic Algorithm
Look for surgical abdomen
Upper quadrant: R/O cardiac,
: R/O cardiac, pulmonary ... musculoskeletal causes ... ulcer disease • Metabolic ... disease (e.g., Diabetic ... Irritable bowel syndrome
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... Hyperthyroidism • Diabetes ... Insufficiency Metabolic ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary ... Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... from hormonal and metabolic ... changes and may cause ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
resistance • Metabolic ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Kidney stones caused ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... DDAVP) • Central diabetes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Ketoacidosis (starvation, diabetic ... ) Causes of Normal ... Acetazolamide Causes ... Classically” noted with pulmonary
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
, anxiety, and metabolic ... breathing due to metabolic ... be secondary to diabetic ... hyperventilation syndrome—a ... Breathing #Patterns #Pulmonary