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diagnosis management syndrome neurology differential nutrition pituitary psychiatry 21hydroxylasedeficiency 21ohd als amyotrophic anorexianervosa bulimianervosa copper deficiency diabetes diabeticketoacidosis dka encephalopathy
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome: - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... • Incr Glucose Metabolism ... Syndrome - Metabolic ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... from hormonal and metabolic ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency Risk Factors: • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Risk Factors and Signs ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Wilson's disease • Metabolic ... , Malnutrition Signs ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Hypothyroid Myopathy Very common (up to 80% ) in patients with hypothyroidism Pathophysiology: • T4 deficiency leads to
hypothyroidism Pathophysiology ... mitochondrial oxidative metabolism ... Hypothyroid #Myopathy #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH) Growth Hormone: • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
activates lipolysis Signs ... /Symptoms: • GH ... thickness) - metabolic ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... • Early: decr feeding ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Due to neuronal metabolism ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
adenomas that require treatment ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... of UMN and LMN signs ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... diagnosis column Treatment ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by: • Headache • Seizures • Altered mental
Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... Drug toxicity, Metabolic ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment
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