42 results
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

 • Respiratory Acidosis
 • Respiratory Alkalosis
 • Metabolic Acidosis
 •
Acid-Base Disorders - Differential ... • Metabolic Acidosis ... • Metabolic Alkalosis ... Base #Disorders #nephrology ... #differential #
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... of sodium and potassium ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... • Severe potassium ... <2 mmol/L) #Metabolic ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... acidosis: Gl tract ... acidosis: Proximal ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Metabolic acidosis ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... acidosis: Proximal ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA ... ) - Differential ... with short bowel syndrome ... #Differential # ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Alkalosis: Differential ... chronic respiratory acidosis ... • Severe potassium ... #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology