46 results
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO): Pathogenesis and clinical findings

#CentralRetinalVein #Occlusion #CRVO #pathophysiology #ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Central Retinal ... Occlusion #CRVO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
Retinoblastoma Signs ... spread • Sub-retinal ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Central Retinal ... (CRAO) • The retina ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... D - Increased renal ... Cell of lung, Renal ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology ... #Differential #
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
urinary sediment, renal ... clinical context and signs ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... markers • Cardio-renal
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... Malignant HTN • Renal ... thrombosis • Renal ... Sickle cell) • Renal ... TURP/Biopsy Renal
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... HYPOTENSION -> renal ... vasocontriction-> decreased renal ... renal ischemia ... Cast formation: Renal
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... gas transport, renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
into the left renal ... Effect: The left renal ... blood in left renal ... Secondary: - Renal ... #Signs #Symptoms
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
nervefiber layer -> Retinal ... of the terminal retinal ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs