12 results
Congestive Heart Failure - Causes, Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
 • Dilated Cardiomyopathy 
 • Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
, Pathophysiology ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #HFrEF #HFpEF # ... CHF
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #HFrEF #heartfailure ... diagnosis #management #cardiology
Etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy. HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HIV, human
HF, heart failure ... ; HFrEF, heart failure ... differential #diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
TOPCAT - Spironolactone for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

N Engl J Med 2014; 370:1383-1392 https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1313731

CONCLUSIONS:
cardiovascular causes ... Spironolactone #HFpEF ... #dCHF #Cardiology
High Output Heart Failure - Pathophysiology and Differential Diagnosis
Obesity - Systemic Vasodilation, Vasoactive Adipokines
Arteriovenous Fistula -
Heart Failure - Pathophysiology ... #HeartFailure #CHF ... #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #cardiology ... #causes
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... changes and may cause ... severe clinical complications ... decompensation (CHF ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology ... signs #symptoms #complications
Diabetic Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Mild Non-proliferative DR
 • Outpouchings of the weakened capillary walls or
retinal ischemia causes ... Retinopathy #Diabetes #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #complications ... #pathophysiology
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Diagnosis and Pathophysiology ... Physiologic Causes ... • Sepsis Complications ... Differential #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology ... #causes #cardiology
Acute Closed Angle Glaucoma: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCY: Early detection is essential, but most patients
• Significant cause ... most frequent cause ... Signs / Symptoms / Complications ... ClosedAngle #Glaucoma #pathophysiology ... #ophthalmology