18 results
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome
Chronic, indwelling catheter + bacteriuria (Providencia, Klebsiella, E.coli*) + alkaline urine
Tryptophan → Indoxyl
Purple Urine Bag Syndrome ... Purple #Urine #Bag #Syndrome ... pathophysiology #clinical #photo ... #differential #
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
alcoholics) - Proton-pump ... renal Mg wasting syndromes ... - Gitelman syndrome ... - Hungry bones syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential
Ophthalmoplegia secondary to Orbital Apex Syndrome

A 61-year-old man presented with retro-orbital pain, near-complete ophthalmoplegia, loss of
to Orbital Apex Syndrome ... Orbital #Apex #Syndrome ... #Clinical #Video ... #PhysicalExam #NEJM
Causes of Growth Discrepancy: Large for Gestational Age - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Maternal Factors:
 • Multiparity
 •
Gestational Age - Differential ... Sotos syndrome, ... Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome ... , Weaver's syndrome ... Complications #Pregnancy #Differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Postparathyroidectomy (hungry bone syndrome ... metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... Theophylline - Proton ... disorders: - Syndrome ... Causes #diagnosis #differential
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Refeeding Syndrome ... Early: • Hypo-Phos ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... before refeeding (Phos ... #Nutrition #Differential
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
- Extrarenal Proton ... renal Fanconi syndrome ... #Medications #differential
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
and Sjögren's syndrome ... Drugs - Metformin, proton ... low #cobalamin #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Postparathyroidectomy (hungry bone syndrome ... metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... Theophylline, Proton ... Endocrine disorders: Syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
ULN ALT) / (Alk phos ... • Gilbert's syndrome ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential