16 results
Maneuvers to Identify Systolic Murmurs 
Effect of Squatting and Valsalva:
 - Mitral Valve Prolapse 
 -
Maneuvers to Identify ... and Valsalva: - Mitral ... Aortic Stenosis #Maneuvers ... Identification #PhysicalExam ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Cardiac Auscultation Maneuvers for Murmurs
Maneuvers result in INCREASED murmur:
 • Inspiration - Right-sided
 • Valsalva -
• Handgrip - Mitral ... arterial occlusion - Mitral ... Murmurs #Cardiac #cardiology ... #physicalexam # ... diagnosis
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect

This maneuver of intermittent light stimulus is called the alternating light test or
Defect This maneuver ... defect (RAPD). ... very sensitive diagnostic ... #Defect #Neurology ... Pupils #MacrusGunn #PhysicalExam
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Cardiac Murmurs and Maneuvers

An algorithm demonstrating the effect of various maneuvers on systolic murmurs. 
TR, tricuspid
Cardiac Murmurs and Maneuvers ... valve prolapse/mitral ... #Heart #Cardiology ... #PhysicalExam # ... Diagnosis
Schematic examples of the cause of acute mitral regurgitation. 
LV, left ventricle; PM, papillary mucle; SAM,
cause of acute mitral ... ventricle; PM, papillary ... Regurgitation #MR #Diagnosis ... Causes #Acute #Differential ... #Cardiology
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Secondary Causes of Mitral ... Tendineae rupture • Papillary ... cardiomyopathy, Papillary ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Systolic Murmurs - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Regurgitation - Papillary ... Systolic #Murmurs #Cardiology ... #Differential #
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... chordae Severe mitral ... stenosis #Causes #diagnosis ... #differential # ... cardiology
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
and Functional Mitral ... - MV or LV papillary ... displacement of papillary ... Primary #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure Waveforms - Differential Diagnosis
 - Absent a wave - Atrial fibrillation, sinus
Pressure Waveforms - Differential ... Diagnosis - Absent ... atrial myxoma - Rapid ... #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam ... #cardiology