220 results
Nodular pattern
1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: ill defined centrilobular nodules.
2. Miliary TB: random nodules
3. Sarcoidosis: nodules with perilymphatic
Nodular pattern 1. ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ... : ill defined centrilobular ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Immune Reactions and Immunosuppressant Drugs

Glucocorticoids - Inhibition of cytokine synthesis, e.g., IL-1, IL-2
Muromonab-CD3 - Monoclonal antibody
Calcineurin
., IL-1, IL-2 Muromonab-CD3 ... Basiliximab - IL ... Suppression of IL ... Immunosuppressant #Drugs #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
Mild Acne Treatment - Comedones (black/whiteheads), +/- few pustules 
1. Benzoyl Peroxide (BP) 
2. Topical Retinoid
Mild Acne Treatment ... few pustules 1. ... First line pharmacologic ... #Management #Comedones ... #Pharmacology #
On the left some diseases with a nodular pattern.
1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: ill defined centrilobular nodules.
2. Miliary
nodular pattern. 1. ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ... : ill defined centrilobular ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ... bronchiolitis: ill
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... Action Diuretics 1) ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... Action #nephrology #pharmacology
Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia Overview:
 • Idiopathic form of organizing pneumonia
 • formerly BOOP
other interstitial pneumonias ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ... Treatment: • Mild ... BOOP #pulmonary #ILD ... #diagnosis #management
Heme Synthesis Pathway
Enzymes
1. ALA Synthase
2. ALA Dehydratase
3. Porphobilinogen deaminase
4. UP Ill Synthase
5. UP Ill Decarboxylase
6. Coproporphyrinogen
Pathway Enzymes 1. ... UP Ill Synthase ... UP Ill Decarboxylase ... Synthesis #Pathway #pathophysiology
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease
 • Decreases number of pain crises (
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology ... hospitalizations (2.4 vs. 1) ... Benefits #SickleCell #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology
Hypothermia in Sepsis - Pathophysiology
 • 20% of septic pts → HYPOTHERMIA
 • Increased mortality 62%
Hypothermia in Sepsis - Pathophysiology ... insufficiency MECHANISMS: 1. ... cytokines ↓TNF-α, ↓IL ... -6, ↓IL-1 3. ... Hypothermia #sepsis #pathophysiology
Massive Hemoptysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management
Definition: 150-600 mL over 24 hours
Differential Diagnosis:
 • Tracheobronchial:
Framework and Management ... Lung Contusion, Pneumonitis ... Coagulopathy Initial Management ... : 1) Indications ... Interventions: 1)