144 results
Pulmonary complications of targeted therapy
-Immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. pembrolizumab)
-Pneumonitis is uncommon (~5% of patients) but can
pembrolizumab) -Pneumonitis ... well as radiation pneumonitis ... during therapy. -1/ ... common presenting symptom ... clinical diagnosis pneumonitis
Nodular pattern
1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: ill defined centrilobular nodules.
2. Miliary TB: random nodules
3. Sarcoidosis: nodules with perilymphatic
Nodular pattern 1. ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ... : ill defined centrilobular ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Immune Reactions and Immunosuppressant Drugs

Glucocorticoids - Inhibition of cytokine synthesis, e.g., IL-1, IL-2
Muromonab-CD3 - Monoclonal antibody
Calcineurin
., IL-1, IL-2 Muromonab-CD3 ... Basiliximab - IL ... Suppression of IL ... Immunosuppressant #Drugs #Pharmacology ... #Pathophysiology
On the left some diseases with a nodular pattern.
1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: ill defined centrilobular nodules.
2. Miliary
nodular pattern. 1. ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ... : ill defined centrilobular ... Hypersensitivity pneumonitis ... bronchiolitis: ill
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... Action Diuretics 1) ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... Action #nephrology #pharmacology
Heme Synthesis Pathway
Enzymes
1. ALA Synthase
2. ALA Dehydratase
3. Porphobilinogen deaminase
4. UP Ill Synthase
5. UP Ill Decarboxylase
6. Coproporphyrinogen
Pathway Enzymes 1. ... UP Ill Synthase ... UP Ill Decarboxylase ... Synthesis #Pathway #pathophysiology
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology and Benefits in Sickle Cell Disease
 • Decreases number of pain crises (
Hydroxyurea - Pathophysiology ... hospitalizations (2.4 vs. 1) ... Benefits #SickleCell #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology
Hypothermia in Sepsis - Pathophysiology
 • 20% of septic pts → HYPOTHERMIA
 • Increased mortality 62%
Hypothermia in Sepsis - Pathophysiology ... insufficiency MECHANISMS: 1. ... cytokines ↓TNF-α, ↓IL ... -6, ↓IL-1 3. ... Hypothermia #sepsis #pathophysiology
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms
Anaphylaxis: when any egg of three conditions is met:
1. Acute onset of skin/mucosal
Anaphylaxis: Signs and Symptoms ... conditions is met: 1. ... involvement with 2 1 ... Signs / Symptoms ... #Anaphylaxis #pathophysiology
Mild Acne Treatment - Comedones (black/whiteheads), +/- few pustules 
1. Benzoyl Peroxide (BP) 
2. Topical Retinoid
Mild Acne Treatment ... few pustules 1. ... antibiotic Mild ... First line pharmacologic ... Management #Comedones #Pharmacology