14 results
Differential diagnosis for toxic/metabolic encephalopathies - Patterns on Brain Imaging

Cynthia Czawlytko, MD @drcyncity

#Differential #diagnosis #encephalopathies #encephalopathy
Differential diagnosis ... encephalopathies #encephalopathy ... #patterns #MRI ... Neurology #pathology #diseases ... #radiology
Imaging Patterns of Toxic and Metabolic Brain Disorders

Thalami, Mammillary Bodies and Tectum: Wernicke Encephalopathy
Dentate Nuclei: Metronidazole,
and Metabolic Brain ... Disorders ATL With Posterior ... Pons: ODS #MRI ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Radiology #Neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... Oral sodium loading ... CT or MRI scan of ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Encephalopathy ... parietal lobes of the brain ... Shock, Autoimmune disease ... parietal lobes of the brain ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Chorioretinitis • Diagnosis ... - Compatible syndrome ... + MRI lesions + ... RingEnhancing #Lesions #Brain ... #causes #radiology
Leigh Syndrome 
History: 19-month-old girl with hypotonia, developmental 
delay, failure to thrive, and bilateral optic disc
Leigh Syndrome ... DWI+ in acute disease ... #Clinical #MRI ... #Brain #Diagnosis ... #Radiology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Demyelinating Syndrome ... Meningitis, Myelopathy, Encephalopathy ... Cerebrovascular Disease ... inflammation, leading ... thrombosis and/or blood-brain
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
Hepatic Encephalopathy ... Alteration in brain ... over course of disease ... Haven Criteria: ... #Grading #Classification
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
Classic HIV Encephalopathy ... similar to PML, but MRI ... Diagnosis: MRI ... white matter and posterior ... The clinical syndrome
Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ... IL-1 and IL-6, leading ... Liver function tests ... Histopathologic criteria ... #Diagnosis #Management