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Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS)
Classified among the secondary or acquired forms of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH)

What?
A subset of
disease • Systemic lupus ... Petechial or purpuric rash ... ) • Heart, lung ... SJIA], systemic lupus ... erythematosus [SLE
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Fever (50%), Depression ... Photosensitivity, Butterfly rash ... effusion, Restrictive lung ... Demyelinating syndromes ... erythematosus #signs #symptoms
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Diagnosis
Manifestations:
 - Arthritis 69%
 - Malar rash 40%
 - Fever 36%
 -
69% - Malar rash ... 40% - Fever 36% ... Myositis 4% - Lung ... Lupusreference #SLE ... autoantibodies #signs #symptoms
SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)

Suspect:
Clinical evidence of (fatigue, rash, photosensitivity, inflammatory arthritis, weight loss, and fever) and
SLE (Systemic Lupus ... weight loss, and fever ... : • Symptoms limited ... to: Arthritis, Fever ... and leukemia • Lung
Joint Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Monoarthritis
 • Septic
 • Crystalline
     - Gout
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... arthritis - (Reiter’s syndrome ... Erythematosus (SLE ... should have other symptoms ... like “butterfly rash
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
granulomas within the lungs ... dysregulation: activated macrophages ... General: fever, ... skin (16-32%): lupus ... : ACUTE, fever,
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Pneumonia: • 3 syndromes ... function of alveolar macrophages ... of a "flu-like syndrome ... Constitutional symptoms ... , rales, interstitial
Amiodarone Induced Lung Toxicity Summary

Who?
• 5% of patients
• Dose ≥ 400 mg per day

How?  Possible
pulmonary nodules and masses ... respiratory distress syndrome ... gradually with symptoms ... Fever 4. ... Improvement in symptoms
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
mucositis - Rash ... such as systemic lupus ... Presentation - Systemic Symptoms ... Vasculitis: • Fevers ... vasculitis, and SLE