2011 results
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
vein: Budd-chiari syndrome ... • Gilbert's syndrome ... • Bilirubin: RBC ... • LDH: Heart, RBC ... diagnosis #algorithm #hepatology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
• Bilirubin: RBC ... cardiac muscle, RBC ... • LDH: Heart, RBC ... • Gilbert's syndrome ... #differential #Hepatology
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome ... nephrotic/nephritic syndromes ... glomerular hematuria (RBC ... or dysmorphic RBCs ... Nephritic #Nephrotic #Syndrome
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
/ Normochromic RBCs ... TIBC, Hypochromic RBCs ... Decreased RBC ... Disorder • RBC ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
2) External (RBC ... Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... 3) Internal (RBC ... Smear ↑ abnormal RBCs ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
- Monomorphic RBCs ... - Dysmorphic RBCs ... Granular Casts - WBC ... Cast - RBC Cast
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Macrocytes, Normal RBCs ... Polychromatic Macrocytes, RBC ... Spherocytes, RBC ... ) - Abnormal RBCs ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Blood Product Components, Contents, Volume and Shelf Life

Whole blood (autologous or directed donations) - RBC and
directed donations) - RBC ... Hct of 70-80% - RBC ... plasma, a few RBC ... ofplasma, a few RBC ... Contents #Volume #Hematology
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
- Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... Hemolytic #Anemia #hematology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Illness Script
HPS is a pulmonary disorder of chronic liver disease characterized by a
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... overperfusion + decreased RBC ... resolution of syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome ... cirrhosis #diagnosis #hepatology