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Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... sometimes advanced treatment ... symptoms. ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #HeartFailure #Staging
STAGES of CHF (A, B, C, D), however, describe the severity of structural abnormalities that impair
ups that cause class ... III and class IV ... symptoms. ... #Management #Cardiology ... #HeartFailure #Staging
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... four-component staging ... With treatment, ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
present in 15% of cases ... Antimicrobial treatment ... status, and focal neurologic ... opportunistic #InfectiousDiseases ... #Neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Transplantation including bone ... Neurological symptoms ... epilepticus Treatment ... underlying cause • Treatment
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... surgery, trauma, and bone-marrow ... than one after symptom ... and cauda equina TREATMENT ... diagnosis #management #neurology
The Stages of Syphilis 

Primary Syphilis 
- The chancre lesion is the hallmark of primary syphilis.
Without treatment ... soles in 50% of cases ... exposure to or symptoms ... granuIomas on skin, bone ... Tertiary #Diagnosis #Staging
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
blood-brain barrier Classic ... • Depressive symptoms ... : • Increased CSF ... Treatment: • HAART ... dementia #AIDS #Neurology
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
Direct fungal stain ... by culture or serology ... MC: CNS CSF: • ... India ink prep CSF ... ) #Mycoses #InfectiousDiseases