7 results
Causes of elevated osmolal gaps. For the 341 patients who presented with elevated osmolal gap (OG)
Causes of elevated osmolal ... gaps. ... with elevated osmolal ... gap (OG) > 14 on ... #Diagnosis #Toxicology
Causes of elevated osmolal gaps. For the 341 patients who presented with elevated osmolal gap (OG)
Causes of elevated osmolal ... gaps. ... with elevated osmolal ... gap (OG) > 14 on ... #Diagnosis #Toxicology
Calculating Plasma Osmolality and Osmolal Gap

Calculated Osmolality = 2 x Na  + Glucose/18 + BUN/2.8
Gap Calculated ... Gap = Calculated ... Gap (>10): - Toxic ... #Gap #Osmolarity ... Calculation #Diagnosis #Toxicology
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management
Methanol intoxication:
 • Accidental or intentional ingestion of adulterated
gap with HAGAc, ... gap with HAGAc, ... Osmolal gap with ... ARF, Osmolal gap ... Ingestion #diagnosis #toxicology
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Isopropyl Alcohol
General concepts for toxic alcohols:
• Parent compounds (not metabolites) cause high osmolal
metabolites) cause high osmolal ... gap • When NAD ... Diagnosis #Management #Toxicology
Metabolic Pathways of Toxic Alcohols 

Panel A shows the metabolic pathways of toxic alcohols. Alcohol dehydrogenase
changes in the osmolal ... and anion gaps ... An increased osmolal ... proceeds, the osmolal ... Pathophysiology #Toxicology
Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: Methanol
Solvent found in cleaning and printing solutions, adhesives, stains, paint removers,
antifreeze agent in
does NOT cause osmolal ... gap #Diagnosis ... #Management #Toxicology