14 results
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... function) - Loop diuretic ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... , Potassium depletion ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• K sparing diuretics ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
only if no clear cause ... (IV loop diuretic ... - IV loop diuretic ... #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (amiloride ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... after renal tubule ... diuretic effect ... other • Severe potassium ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
Diagnosis and Management ... Monitor potassium ... Loop diuretics for ... levels > 8mg/dL See ... #Summary #causes