18 results
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... function) - Loop diuretic ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Lupus Nephritis Primer
Class I - Minimal Mesangial
Class II - Mesangial Proliferative
Class Ill - Focal Proliferative
Class IV
Lupus Nephritis ... #Nephritis #SLE ... Classification #Classes ... differential #diagnosis #management ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, Diabetic ... #nephrology #potassium
Algorithm for the Treatment of Membranous Lupus Nephritis
Sub-nephrotic-range proteinuria (<3.5g/d, normal serum albumin) and Preserved kidney
of Membranous Lupus ... SLE 4. ... to treat extra-renal ... Algorithm #Treatment #management ... #nephrology
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
Erythematosus (SLE ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Erythematosus #SLE ... #CNS #neurology ... cerebritis #diagnosis #management
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
(Uncontrolled diabetes ... insufficiency/Failure • SLE ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Management of Lupus Nephritis
Lupus nephritis (LN) in 10 to 40% of SLE
Hallmark = proteinuria 20.5 g/g
Management of Lupus ... Nephritis Lupus ... in 10 to 40% of SLE ... or 0.5 g/day → renal ... #rheumatology #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Correction of diabetic ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... oxoproline) • Renal ... Renal acidosis ... Potassium-sparing ... #nephrology