403 results
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... Management #Treatment #Potassium
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
this pump, those sodium ... outside the cell and sodium ... intracellular sodium ... intracellular sodium ... exchanged for sodium
Here’s a review of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAAS)

This is a very common pathway that clinicians should
with excreting potassium ... while retaining sodium ... result of excreting sodium ... because of the sodium ... will increase potassium
Drugs affecting the cardiac action potential. The sharp rise in voltage ("0") corresponds to the influx
the influx of sodium ... correspond to the sodium-channel ... repolarizing eflux of potassium
Phosphate Electrolyte Repletion
Oral: Neutra-Phos, Neutra-Phos-K, K-Phos Neutral (Na and K Phos)
Intravenous: Potassium Phosphate, Sodium Phosphate

Satya Patel
Intravenous: Potassium ... Phosphate, Sodium
REBEL Review 71: Treatment of Thyroid Storm 

Propranolol 
Esmolol 
Propylthiouracil (PTU) 
Methimazole 
Saturated Solution of Potassium
Saturated Solution of Potassium ... Lugol's Solution Sodium
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Treat Hyperkalemia Sodium ... for hydrogen and sodium ... discomfort, flatulence Sodium ... • Mechanism: Sodium-K ... sensitive to high sodium
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... bicarbonate Potassium ... Hyperkalemia #management #potassium
How much sodium is in 1 Liter of Normal Saline? In Bags if Potato Chips
How much sodium ... saline = 0.9% sodium ... contains 154 meq of sodium ... about as much sodium ... ns #nephrology #sodium
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
examination, check urine sodium ... acid: - Urine sodium ... hyponatremia - Urine sodium