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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm clinical management pulmonary treatment hypomagnesemia hypokalemia low metabolic neurology pharmacology pocus ultrasound alkalosis comparison flowvolume hypomg
Patterns of pulmonary dysfunction revealed by flow-volume loops. For comparison, a normal loop is shown with
by flow-volume loops ... comparison, a normal loop ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Asthma Chronic lung disease characterized by airway inflammation, airway and variable expiratory air flow obstruction There are 2
obstruction: • FEV1 ... 0.70 or lower • FEV1 ... Reversibility on spirometry ... • Increase of FEV1 ... or greater in FEV
Asthma vs COPD Presentation and Diagnosis Asthma: • Epidemiology: Age usually < 45, History (personal or family)
Variably abnormal spirometry ... - FEV1/FVC < 70% ... bronchodilator, Spirometry ... Persistently abnormal spirometry ... - FEV1/FVC < 70%
Flow Volume Loops - Common Patterns A. Normal B. Emphysema C. Unilateral Main Stem Bronchial Obstruction D. Fixed Upper Airway
Flow Volume Loops ... Diagnosis #PFTs #Spirometry ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Pulmonary Function Testing: Flow Volume Loop Patterns • Variable extra-thoracic obstruction - truncated or flattened inspiratory
Testing: Flow Volume Loop ... and persevered FEV1 ... flow with reduced FEV1 ... #FlowVolume #Loops
Classic (2009) Spirometric GOLD Classification of COPD Severity Based on Postbronchodilator FEV #Diagnosis #Pulmonary #COPD #GOLD #Staging
Classic (2009) Spirometric ... Postbronchodilator FEV ... Classification #FEV1
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 Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Treat underlying cause ... : • Causes can ... administered • Can cause ... ascending limb of the loop
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Magnesium #Low #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Metabolic Acidosis Causes ... and chronic) Causes ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
• HTN Absent: Loop ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
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